Tables of Specifications for Architecture in the Philippines
For aspiring architects in the Philippines, the path to licensure is paved with rigorous study, practical experience, and a comprehensive understanding of the built environment. Guiding this journey is a crucial document: the Tables of Specifications (ToS) for the Philippine Licensure Examination for Architects. Think of it as the architect's blueprint for exam success!
What are the Tables of Specifications?
The ToS, as they're commonly known, are detailed outlines provided by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) and the Board of Architecture. These tables break down the subjects, scope, and weights of each area covered in the licensure exam. Essentially, the ToS serve as the syllabus, clearly defining what examinees need to know to demonstrate competency in the field.
PRC and the Board of Architecture
The PRC and the Board of Architecture are the governing bodies responsible for ensuring that only qualified individuals are granted the privilege of practicing architecture in the Philippines. By establishing and enforcing the ToS, they uphold the standards of the profession and protect the public interest. These standards are rooted in laws like the Architecture Act of 2004 (RA 9266), which provides the legal framework for architectural practice in the country.
The ToS cover a wide range of subjects essential to architectural practice. Some key areas include:
- History and Theory of Architecture: Understanding the evolution of architectural styles, principles, and philosophies.
- Structural Design: Applying engineering principles to ensure the stability and safety of buildings.
- Architectural Practice: Navigating the legal, ethical, and professional aspects of running an architectural firm.
Content Areas (General Breakdown):
- History, Theory, Planning, Practice (., ~30%).
- Structural Design, Building Materials, Utilities (e.g., ~30%).
- Design Perception, Anthropometrics, Architectural Elements (e.g., ~40%).
Examination Requirements: Specific rules for attire, required tools (scales, triangles, calculators), and prohibited items.
Legal Basis: Regulated by the Architecture Act of 2004 (RA 9266).
Why are the ToS Important?
For examinees, the ToS are invaluable tools. They provide a clear roadmap for studying, allowing candidates to focus their efforts on the most relevant topics. By understanding the weighting of each subject, examinees can prioritize their preparation and maximize their chances of success.
In conclusion, the Tables of Specifications are more than just a list of topics; they are a vital component of the architectural profession in the Philippines. They ensure that licensed architects possess the knowledge and skills necessary to create safe, sustainable, and aesthetically pleasing environments for all.
General practice of Architecture
General practice of Architecture Basically, architecture is all about planning, designing (both the look and the structure), detailing, and overseeing the construction, expansion, or renovation of buildings and other structures. It's about bringing together all the different parts of a project – from the initial ideas to the final touches – in a way that's both beautiful and functional. This involves a lot of things like studying plans, giving advice, creating contracts, and making sure everything is done right. It doesn't matter if the architect is from the Philippines or somewhere else, or if they're doing all the tasks themselves or leading a team – if they're involved in these processes, they're practicing architecture.
A History of Regulating Architecture in the Philippines
The story of architecture in the Philippines is not just about buildings; it's also about the dedicated individuals and legal frameworks that have shaped the profession. From humble beginnings to modern legislation, the journey to regulate architecture has been a long and transformative one.
The Genesis: Public Act No. 2985 (1921)
The year 1921 marked a pivotal moment with the enactment of Public Act No. 2985 on February 23. This act paved the way for the creation of the first three-member Board of Examiners for Architects. Tasked with regulating the burgeoning architecture profession, these examiners were handpicked by the Secretary of Commerce and Communications, who also oversaw the boards for engineering, accountancy, and surveying.
The inaugural Board was composed of:
- Arch. Elias L. Ruiz: Chairman
- Arch. Rufino D. Antonio: Member
- Arch. Federico S. Ilustre: Member
Shifting Landscapes: Public Act No. 4007 (1932)
In 1932, Public Act No. 4007 brought a change in administrative structure, attaching the Board to the Department of Public Works and Communications. This move reflected the growing importance of architecture in the development of public infrastructure.
Independence and Identity: Republic Act No. 545 (1950)
A significant milestone was reached on June 17, 1950, with the enactment of Republic Act No. 545. This landmark legislation separated architecture from the umbrella of Public Act No. 2985, granting it independent recognition as a distinct profession.
Codifying Principles: The National Code for Architects (1979)
On September 19, 1979, the Board promulgated the National Code for Architects, a comprehensive set of guidelines governing architectural practice. Approved by the PRC, this code became an integral part of the Implementing Rules and Regulations, solidifying the ethical and professional standards for architects in the Philippines.
The Modern Era: Republic Act No. 9266
The most recent chapter in this ongoing story is Republic Act No. 9266, which repealed Republic Act No. 545. This act, titled "An Act to Regulate the Practice of Architecture in the Philippines," represents the current legal framework for the profession.
A Legacy of Excellence
From the pioneering efforts of the first Board of Examiners to the comprehensive legislation of today, the regulation of architecture in the Philippines has been driven by a commitment to excellence, professionalism, and public safety. As the built environment continues to evolve, these foundations will remain essential to shaping the future of architecture in the country.
Promulgation of the Syllabi for the Subjects in the Architecture Licensure Examination
PREAMBLE
1. The following syllabi are intended to guide prospective candidates in preparation for the Architecture Licensure Examination. In general, they cover areas in which examinees are expected to have knowledge, understanding, and competencies when they start to practice the architectural profession.
2. The general coverage of the examination is divided into three major areas with their corresponding weights as follows:
a. History and theory of architecture; principles of planning; architectural practice (30%)
b. Structural design; building materials and construction; utilities (30%)
c. Architectural design and site planning (40%)
3. Each major area is subdivided into specific sub areas or concerns, as well as their corresponding rationale and description.
4. These syllabi shall be made available to all recognized schools of architecture in the country, the United Architects of the Philippines, and other concerned entities.
Area A
HISTORY AND THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE; PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING; AND ARCHITECTURAL
PRACTICE Part I
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
A. Rationale and Description
1. Analysis of architectural manifestations from the beginning of civilization to
contemporary periods of development;
2. Analysis of the influences of environmental, historical, and sociocultural factors and
their relevance to the development of art, buildings, structures, as well as of human settlements.
B. Scope
1. Introduction
a. History
b. History of architecture
c. Historic style of architecture
d. Origin of architecture
e. Factors affecting the style of architecture
2. Pre-Historic Architecture
a. Centers of development
b. Dolmen, Menhir, Cromlech
3. Historic Styles of Architecture
a. Period/extent and centers of development
b. Factors that affect the development of architectural style (historical, environmental, and socio-cultural)
c. General characteristics (architectural, structural, decorative)
d. General contributions
e. Notable examples
1 Ancient architecture and the Western succession
a. Egyptian
b. West Asiatic
c. Greek
d. Roman
e. Early Christian
f. Byzantine
g. Romanesque Architecture in Europe
h. Gothic Architecture in Europe
i. Renaissance Architecture in Europe
j. Nineteenth and Twentieth Century in Great Britain
k. Architecture of Africa, Australia, and New Zealand
l. Nineteenth and Twentieth Century architecture in Continental Europe
m. Architecture of the Americas
2 Architecture in Asia and the Pacific Region
3 Architecture in the Philippines
a. Architectural legacies
b. Architectural preservation, conservation, and restoration
c. Pillars of Philippine Architecture
Part II
THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE
A. Rationale and Description
Understanding of the theories and principles of design and architectural design process;
Analysis of anthropometric, proxemic, and kinesthetic requirements of space in relation to architectural design;
Analysis of sociocultural and technological trends which are contributory to the development of contemporary architecture
B. Scope
Introduction
a. The nature of architecture
b. Architecture as art and science
c. Processes in architectural design
Elements of Architecture and Basic Principles of Design
a. Need-specific elements
b. Structural, circulatory protective, and decorative elements
c. Influences in architectural design
d. Basic principles of design
Design Perception
a. Anthropometric basis of architectural design
b. Space articulation and territoriality
c. Visual and perceptual language
d. Psychology of space
e. Proxemics and culture
Tropical Architecture
a. Influences and elements of tropical architecture
b. Specific examples of tropical architecture
Masters of Architecture
a. Philosophies of Great Architects
b. Examples of great works
Part III
ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE
A. Rationale and Description
Understanding of the role, legal rights and obligations, and responsibilities of the architect;
Analysis and application of the various statutes, codes, and regulations affecting the practice of architecture in the Philippines;
Understanding of the various aspects of the professional practice of architecture, including tools and techniques related to production, construction, resource allocation, and project management, as well as the efficient conduct of client and business relations for building design and construction projects.
B. Scope
Certification of Architects and Standards of Professional Practice
a. Statutes regulating the practice of architecture in the Philippines
b. Professional organization of architects
c. Architects- Code of Ethics
d. Rights and responsibilities of the profession
e. Spectrum of architectural services
f. Architectural fees and charges
g. Architectural competitions
Building Standards, Laws, and Regulations
a. Architectural design standards, building and construction-related laws
b. Laws on real estate and subdivisions
c. Laws on housing and human settlements
Aspects of Architectural Practice
a. Operating divisions of architectural practice, development, production, administration, and management (with emphasis on preparation of contract documents)
b. Specifications writing and quantity surveying
c. Legal and business aspects of architectural practice
Part IV
THEORY AND PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
A. Rationale and Description
Analysis of the concepts and techniques in the general planning process, urban and regional planning, land use planning, and human settlements planning;
Understanding of the art and science of site planning with emphasis on ecological, socio-psychological, aesthetic, and functional basis of site planning.
B. Scope
General Principles of Planning
a. Definitions and classification
b. History and scope of planning
c. General planning process
Urban and Regional Planning and Urban Design
a. History of the city and the region
b. Theories of urban and regional planning
c. Comprehensive planning
d. Land use planning
e. Urban design
f. Urbanization and urban social relationships
Housing and Human Settlements Planning
a. Definition and classification
b. Housing policies and programs
c. Housing finance, production, and practices
The Art and Science of Site Planning and Landscape Architecture
a. Site analysis and site development
b. Landscape design
c. Primary considerations in site planning and development (physical and aesthetic, ecological, socio-psychological, management, and maintenance).
Part III
UTILITIES
A. Rationale and Description
Understanding of the basic practices, principles, general design and installation, and/or construction of utilities required for a building or structure and its premises;
Analysis of utility, facility, and equipment requirements in relation to aesthetics, function, and strength of a building or structure and its premises.
B. Scope
Design and construction and/or installation of the following utilities systems:
Sanitary and Plumbing Systems and Equipment
a. Water source, storage, supply, and distribution
b. Plumbing roughing-in and fixtures
c. Drainage and sewerage systems
d. Waste disposal, treatment, and recycling
Mechanical Systems
a. Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems
b. Conveyors and other building mechanical equipment
Electrical and Other Power Systems
a. Electrical power and lighting supply, distribution, and fixtures
b. Electrical power source and alternative power sources
Acoustics and Illumination
a. The psycho-physics of acoustics and lighting
b. Acoustical treatment and corrections
Disaster Prevention and Protection Systems; Security Systems
a. Building fire-fighting, prevention, and protection apparatus
b. Installation and/or construction
c. Materials and fixtures
d. Disaster prevention and mitigation systems
Communication Systems
a. Electronics system
b. Telephone, intercom, cable TV, audio/video facilities, PA system
High-tech Systems
a. Application in buildings and structures
b. Robotics
c. Intelligent buildings
Area B
STRUCTURAL DESIGN; BUILDING MATERIALS
AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION; AND UTILITIES
Part I
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
A. Rationale and Description
- Understanding of the fundamentals of mechanics, strength of materials, and theory of structures;
- General design, principles, and analysis of the structural elements of various types of construction materials and systems.
B. Scope
General application of structural design, including seismic analysis, in the following building materials and construction systems:
a. Timber
b. Reinforced concrete
c. Structural steel
d. Composite structures
e. Advanced construction methods
Part II
BUILDING MATERIALS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
A. Rationale and Description
Understanding of the properties of building construction and finishing materials; their application and articulation; systems and methods of specifying and construction;
Application of the principles of design and construction methods of various types of materials used in construction.
B. Scope
The design and specifications of materials and methods of construction for the following works:
a. Civil works
b. Carpentry and joinery
c. Concrete and masonry
d. Sheet metal and tinsmithry
e. Structural steel
f. Concrete and reinforced concrete
g. Waterproofing, dampproofing, and insulation
h. Glass and glazing
i. Painting and varnishing
j. Fenestration
k. Hardware
l. Specialized works (bank vaults; signage; etc.)
Area C
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND SITE PLANNING
A. Rationale and Objectives
Application of logical approach to design and site planning solutions to architectural problems with emphasis on design methodology, qualitative and quantitative aspects of space, circulation and interrelationships of space, structural and form envelopes, and building utilities and facilities.
Application of skills and ability to visualize architectural design problems and present solutions in appropriate graphical language.
B. Scope
Architectural design and site planning problems involving the following types of buildings and structures and their built environment;
Residential
a. Residential houses and subdivisions, apartment, housing for special groups (low-cost housing, housing for the aged etc.)
b. Lodging houses, etc.
Commercial and Business
a. Business (office, bank, hotel, etc.)
b. Commercial (department store, market, retail store, etc.)
c. Mixed business-commercial or mixed business-residential
Industrial and Agricultural
a. Large-scale industry (manufacturing, shipyard, etc.)
b. Small-scale industry (factory, cinema studio, etc.)
c. Mixed industrial-residential
d. Industrial estate/agro-industrial establishment
Public and Government
a. Educational and cultural (schools, research laboratory, public hall, library, museum, historical/monumental building/structures, etc.)
b. Health and medical (hospital/clinic, health fitness club, specialized medical center, etc.)
c. Governmental and quasi-public (national or public building, police/fire stations, embassy/consulate, penitentiary, etc.)
d. Parks and recreational (ecological/botanical gardens, theater, cinema, casino, beach resort, etc.)
e. Sports and athletics (sports plaza, stadium, gymnasium, golf course, tennis/basketball courts, billiard hall, etc.)
f. Religious and funery (church, temple, mosque, monastery, convent, seminary, crematorium, memorial park, cemetery, etc.)
Facilities
a. Transportation (airport, seaport, railway station, terminal, port facilities, pier, etc.)
b. Service (power station, water treatment/filtering plant, sewerage, crematory, slaughterhouse, TV-Radio-Telephone stations, newspaper plant, etc.)
c. Military (military camp, depot, etc.)
Complex Projects (involving a combination of several buildings and structures in a given site or area).
Table Of Specification TOS of ALE Architecture in PRC
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